Samenvatting

In recent years’ investments in infrastructure in Indonesia have been a much neglected. In order to achieve high rates of economic growth, the country has to move away from commodities and towards manufacturing. To make this shift viable, investments in infrastructure on a national level are necessary. The port of Surabaya, Tanjung Perak, serves as a gateway to the hinterland of Eastern-­‐Indonesia. However, this port has already reached, and surpassed, its maximum capacity. Therefor a new terminal, Terminal Teluk Lamong has been built in the Selat Madura (Strait of Madura). Ports and other coastal zones these days, and in the future even more, are at risks of the effects of climate change. Because of Indonesia’s goal of economic development, it is interesting to see if a long term goal like that is accompanied by long-­‐term plans to protect the drivers of this economic development against the threats of climate change. To do so, research into the following has been done: how spatially resilient is the port expansion Terminal Teluk Lamong against current and future threats of climate change?

Located on East-­Java in the Strait of Madura terminal Teluk Lamong is already suffering from the effects of climate change; in the future this will only become worse. Currently heavy storms, and high wind speeds which are associated with them; in addition to precipitation this can lead to postponing terminal operations or a delay in terminal operations. The most important reasons for this are the fact that when the wind is too strong ships cannot be on loaded and off loaded and that the Jalan Tambak Osowilangun (road to the terminal) is flooded during heavy precipitation.

In the future the effects of climate change will become more severe and a rise in sea level will pose a more real and serious threat than it does nowadays. For Terminal Teluk Lamong this is also the case. The combination of sea level rise with extreme weather events like La Niña or heavy storms can result in a wave height which can easily overtop the terminal. This in turn can lead to damage to terminal infrastructure and property. At the same time high wind speeds and heavy precipitation remain a threat. The terminal has already performed several measures which should minimize damage to equipment as a result of high wind speeds. At the same time, it remains hard to fight this because there is only so much they can do to continue operations during events with high wind speeds. For the future there are plans to build a monorail connecting Terminal Teluk Lamong with Tanjung Perak. There are also plans to build a flyover near the terminal so that it will be connected to the highway. This way the terminal will decrease its dependency on the Jalan Tambak Osowilangun.

As for now the terminal qualifies as a spatially resilient one, with the exception of the Jalan Tambak Osowilangun. This is the result of redundancy and robustness, two principles which have been incorporated in the design of the terminal. In the future however, the terminal might not be as resilient as it is now. With the monorail and the flyover, this problem that is the Jalan Tambak Osowilangun might be solved. However, the terminal itself will become more prone to the effects of climate change when no additional measures will be taken.