Samenvatting

The purpose of this paper is to research why the implementation of UNSCR (2000) on taking a stand for Women, Peace, and Security by the Netherlands and Italy has failed to provide the desired results. In order to address this question, different research methods were chosen. The choice has been to only use qualitative data for this research: in particular, peer-reviewed works of scholars and an interview with Prof. Dr A.M. O’Malley. Additionally, all three national action plans (NAPs) of the Netherlands and Italy were researched using the theoretical framework that came out of the qualitative research on the shortcomings of the resolution and NAPs. In the discussion, there was a focus on the last NAPs of the two states. The research showed essential aspects that were often missing in NAPs. From the research, it has been concluded that many factors are needed to be well executed in the national action plan for it to have effective implementation. The research indicated that the most important factors are the following: having gender perspectives in national military organisations and meaningful objectives for both local women as women in peacekeeping missions; having an attitudinal and structural change in the culture of the state; using clear objectives, strong language, and monitoring mechanisms; creating financial commitments for every objective; and having clear consultation structures between various partners formed, including military organisations. For the Netherlands and Italy, it is recommended that special attention be focused on creating high-impact NAPs. These are NAPs that have meaningful participation of women in peace and security processes, in which women’s contribution to peace and security is affirmed, and where women’s human security is achieved. In addition, a closer look needs to be taken at national military organisations. In this context, attitudinal and structural change from within is essential. This change should be shown in the promotion of gender perspective, gender mainstreaming, and gender equality. To reach the desired results, these should not only include an increase in the number of women in the army but also education of genders on these topics to increase the success of peace-making missions and the position of women worldwide as the armies of Italy and the Netherlands spread these ideals to every state in which the local population needs help. This will result in maximised operational effectiveness and adequate support of the Women, Peace, and Security agendas in peacekeeping. In the prevention and resolution of conflicts, peace negotiations, peacebuilding, peacekeeping, humanitarian response, and in post-conflict reconstruction, both genders should be present and treated equally to protect, prevent, relieve, and recover. All states working together with the same vision and motivation can greatly improve the state of the world.