Samenvatting

Efforts to reduce negative externalities of urban logistics vehicle movements often concentrate on two aspects; organizing logistics more efficiently in order to reduce the number of incoming vehicles in urban areas and reducing the emissions of vehicles within urban areas. The stopping practices are an underexposed area, in research and spatial planning. Even if movements into an area are organized more efficiently and vehicles might be zero emission, at the end of the day, logistics vehicles need to stop close to their destination to deliver goods or perform services. Herewith those vehicles put a claim upon – increasingly scarce – urban space with possible subsequential negative effects for both urban residents and drivers. This research develops a typology for urban stopping practices of logistics vehicles, including temporal and spatial aspects. Based on a survey with drivers, and interviews with experts and policy makers, the potential of different interventions to reduce the negative externalities of stopping practices is assessed. Despite the impact on policy goals, urban logistics stopping receives little attention from public stakeholders and is largely left to self-organization. Digitization and (bottomup) enforcement are interesting interventions, while drivers also indicate that more space allocated to logistics functions is inevitable. The best mix of interventions, including allocation of locations and enforcement, would both be high and low technology. Cities can benefit from a more desired situation by looking into physical interventions before digital interventions are ready for deployment.